January 1, 2018, smith co. purchased common stock of north company for $500,000. north company has common stock outstanding of $10 million. smith owns 5% of the outstanding stock of north. on december 31, 2018, the investment in north company has a fair value of $505,000. what should smith co. record on december 31, 2018?

a. credit unrealized holding gain-oci $5,000
b. credit fair value adjustment $5,000
c. debit unrealized holding loss-net income $5,000
d. credit unrealized holding gain-net income $5,000
e. debit fair value adjustment $5,000

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.