Which of the following scenarios could lower a firm’s demand for labor?
a. rex invests in new computer software that will automate his bookkeeping.
b. calvin’s bookstore is located near a college campus. the school has just started and many students are returning to the area.
c. amy must pay more money to obtain the wood needed to construct chairs at her factory.
d. james operates a restaurant in a seaside tourist town. it is winter and all the tourists have left.
e. katie owns a coffee shop that used to have to compete with a nearby café. the café recently went out of business.

German brothels recently began offering a monthly subscription service for multiple purchasers. if you thought that the brothels' encouragement of prostitution was immoral to begin with, would you consider this pricing plan to be even more immoral? suppose a particular patron at a german brothel has the following willingness-to-pay schedule for services at the brothel, per session. session willingness to pay 1st $84 2nd $72 3rd $60 4th $48 5th $36 6th $24 suppose this consumer would not demand any more sessions, even for free. also assume that the marginal cost to the brothel, per session, is constant at $12. at a price of $78.00 per session, the number of sessions demanded by this consumer would be . at this price and quantity, consumer surplus is $ and producer surplus is $ . suppose the brothel has devised a new pricing scheme for consumers who demand more than 1 session. this pricing scheme is a subscription service, whereby consumers can pay a flat fee of $259.20 and can have up to 6 sessions total. using this subscription pricing model, this consumer would demand sessions. under this scenario, consumer surplus is $ and producer surplus is $ . (hint: for consumer surplus, consider how much total value the consumer places on all sessions, versus the total price paid.)