Jim, a quality control manager at an apparel manufacturing company, studies and monitors quality using r-charts. he discovers a quality problem with the construction of zippers. jim proposes that 25 samples of eight observations each be collected on a daily basis. he plans to prepare an r-chart to monitor the variation in the size of the zippers. the data collected shows that the mean length of the zippers is 15 inches and the average range is 0.5 inches. if d 3 for the r-chart is 0.136, the lower control limit (lcl r) for the r-chart will be:

Brian has just finished college. he wants to set up a small business to make and sell fireworks. he registers his company and acquires a license from the government. he finds that most of his competitors are selling fireworks at an extremely low price. he would like to make more money, so he decides to innovate and develop better fireworks. he sells his fireworks at a higher price, and they are a huge hit with the customers. after a few years, he earns enough profit to set up a bigger fireworks factory that complies with the government’s health and safety regulations. he even starts exporting fireworks overseas. which type of economy does this scenario describe?