In the public water industry, low average total costs are obtained only through large-scale production. in other words, the initial cost of setting up all the necessary pipes makes it risky and, most likely, unprofitable for competitors to enter the market.

1) the stages a new product goes through from beginning to end, i.e., the stages that a product passes through from introduction through growth, maturity, and decline. 2) the time from initial research and development to the time at which sales and support of the product to customers are withdrawn. 3) the period of time during which a product can be produced and marketed profitably.

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answerpurchase-occasion segmentation;

it established new limitations on use and disclosure for marketing purposes, prohibited selling medical information, expanded individuals’ rights to accessing their own information, and to obtain restrictions from certain disclosures of protected heath information to health plans.