The type of standard that provides allowances for normal amounts of waste and inefficiency in the production process is referred to as a(n)

a. practical standard.
b. perfection standard.
c. ideal standard.
d. realistic standard.

(A). practical standard.

Explanation:

This are standards that makes use of highly efficient effort from average workers during work interruptions or normal machine downtime.

answer; the above statement is (true);

among other factors, composers started writing dynamic markings in their scores because "new instruments allowed for more dynamic ranges and contrast."

dynamics allude to the loudness or softness of music. dynamics offer an approach to demonstrate articulation in sheet music. they to drive the enthusiastic substance of music through volume and force. maybe you could alter both the volume and the shading profundity on your screen at the same time. we can likewise think about the force side of elements as the quality of a note. a few notes are intended to be played delicately and gently, while others are intended to be played all the more firmly.  

some dynamics markings have a letter 'm,' which remains for mezzo, signifying 'medium.' so a mezzo piano unique stamping resembles this (mp) and intends to play medium calm, while a mezzo specialty dynamic resembles this (mf) and intends to play medium loud.