All of the following statements are true about both bonds and preferred stock except:
a. both bonds and preferred stock are "senior" securities over common stock in a dissolution
b. both bonds and preferred stock can be convertible
c. payments to both bondholders and preferred stockholders are subject to approval of the board of directors
d. both bonds and preferred stock have a stated fixed payment rate

Match the various steps in the creative process undertaken by the ad agency for developing the campaign for wpu, to the steps in young's model of the creative process.creative process in developing wpu's campaignyoung's modelafter intensive analysis of the data and several rounds of brainstorming, the agency executives decided to take a break from this project (the wpu campaign), and instead work on a different client's project before tackling the wpu project again.using a combination of animatics and storyboards, the ad agency conducted research with a representative sample of sixty target consumers to pretest the campaign theme and the creative execution.during a brainstorming session in the creative department, a copywriter's suggestion for a slogan for wpu was recognized as an excellent central idea that could drive the campaign for wpu.the account planning, account management and creative departments at the ad agency had a series of meetings and brainstorming sessions to discuss the creative brief and the results of all the primary and secondary research done with the target consumers.the account planning and the account management groups at the ad agency conducted primary research with a representative sample of the target segment and also studied secondary research data to gain insights required for the campaign development process.

Shrieves casting company is considering adding a new line to its product mix, and the capital budgeting analysis is being conducted by sidney johnson, a recently graduated mba. the production line would be set up in unused space in the main plant. the machinery’s invoice price would be approximately $200,000, another $10,000 in shipping charges would be required, and it would cost an additional $30,000 to install the equipment. the machinery has an economic life of 4 years, and shrieves has obtained a special tax ruling that places the equipment in the macrs 3-year class. the machinery is expected to have a salvage value of $25,000 after 4 years of use. the new line would generate incremental sales of 1,250 units per year for 4 years at an incremental cost of $100 per unit in the first year, excluding depreciation. each unit can be sold for $200 in the first year. the sales price and cost are both expected to increase by 3% per year due to inflation. further, to handle the new line, the firm’s net working capital would have to increase by an amount equal to 12% of sales revenues. the firm’s tax rate is 40%, and its overall weighted average cost of capital, which is the risk-adjusted cost of capital for an average project (r), is 10%. define “incremental cash flow.” (1) should you subtract interest expense or dividends when calculating project cash flow?

Jillian wants to plan her finances because she wants to create and maintain her tax and credit history. she also wants to chart out all of her financial transactions for the past federal fiscal year. what duration should jillian consider to calculate her finances? from (march or january )to (december or april)?