The u. s. bureau of labor statistics reports that 11.3% of u. s. workers belong to unions (bls website, january 2014). suppose a sample of 400 u. s. workers is collected in 2014 to determine whether union efforts to organize have increased union membership.

David paid $975,000 for two beachfront lots in coastal south carolina, with the intention of building residential homes on each. two years later, the south carolina legislature passed the beachfront management act, barring any further development of the coast, including david's lots. when david files a complaint to seek compensation for his property, south carolina refuses, pointing to a passage in david's own complaint that states "the beachfront management act [was] properly and validly designed to south carolina's " is south carolina required to compensate david under the takings clause?