"the effect of an excise tax on the producers of pollution-producing industries will be a cutback in production. if the tax was levied directly on the amount of pollution generated, the long-run cutbacks in production would be much smaller." this statement is most likely to be:

An avenue of cutting down the production of pollution

Creation goods

Explanation: this is a SPECIFIC excise tax levy, because it is levied on the amount of pollution created so as to reduce the production of these products that poses a negative strain on the environment. It's a regulatory form of taking. Same tax is levied on cigarettes, alcoholic drinks E.T.C

you can lose ranking 2 ways.

1) you don't have enough points due to you expending them by asking questions/your answers are deleted.

2) your brainliest's expired. this means that brainliests, once they exceed the 30 day limit, expires. this is to ensure that you continue to contribute into the community at a constant rank if you want to continue to have/exceed the rank you have right now.

if you go to profile, and click "show more information" located on the bottom left of the box with your information (on top of the questions answered, questions asked, and friends), you will be given the following information (example):

member since : 02/13/2017, 18: 11

questions answered: 9741

questions asked: 162

no. of brainliest answers: 1575

brainliest answers in last 30 days: 10

warnings: 0 view

questions/answers reported: 2637

questions/answers incorrectly reported: 64

look at the "brainliest answers in the last 30 days". this is the one that will affect your rank other than your points. again, once your brainliest expires (was earned 31+ days ago), it will not be counted.

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i believe that it is a 45% chance.