Which of the following statements is correct? a. because of tax effects, an increase in the risk-free rate will have a greater effect on the after-tax cost of debt than on the cost of common stock as measured by the capm. b. if a company's beta increases, this will increase the cost of equity used to calculate the wacc, but only if the company does not have enough reinvested earnings to take care of its equity financing and hence must issue new stock.

I found the complete Question: Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

a. Because of tax effects, an increase in the risk-free rate will have a greater effect on  the after-tax cost of debt than on the cost of common stock as measured by the  CAPM.

b. If a company's beta increases, this will increase the cost of equity used to calculate  the WACC, but only if the company does not have enough reinvested earnings to  take care of its equity financing and hence must issue new stock.

c. When calculating the cost of preferred stock, companies must adjust for taxes,  because dividends paid on preferred stock are deductible by the paying  corporation.

d. Higher flotation costs reduce investors' expected returns, and that leads to a  reduction in a company's WACC.

e. When calculating the cost of debt, a company needs to adjust for taxes, because  interest payments are deductible by the paying corporation.

And the correct answer is "e. When calculating the cost of debt, a company needs to adjust for taxes, because  interest payments are deductible by the paying corporation.".

When calculating the cost of debt issuance, the company, in addition to taking into account the issuance costs, must calculate the cost adjusted for taxes because interest payments are deductible for debt issuing companies.

definitely a

you have to put the parentheses like this:

in fact, you have to perform the operation inside parentheses first, and then proceed in order: