Stephen h. grabowski sustained injuries when his fellow employees, william mangler, david smith, and joseph ziemba, detained grabowski in a bathroom, brought him to the ground, and wrapped him, from ankles to shoulders, in duct tape. grabowski suffered both physical injuries, which required surgery on his lower back and right knee, and post-traumatic stress, which required counseling. grabowski has since received over $300,000 in workers' compensation for his injuries. he has brought suit against the three men to recover for the damages he has experienced beyond what worker’s compensation covered. which of the following is correct?