Flint fabricators inc. machines metal parts for the automotive industry. under the traditional manufacturing approach, the parts are machined through two processes: milling and finishing. parts are produced in batch sizes of 30 parts. a part requires 5 minutes in milling and 7 minutes in finishing. the move time between the two operations for a complete batch is 5 minutes.

under the lean philosophy, the part is produced in a cell that includes both the milling and finishing operations. the operating time is unchanged; however, the batch size is reduced to 4 parts and the move time is eliminated.

determine the value-added, non-value-added, and total lead times, and the value-added ratio under the traditional and lean manufacturing methods. if required, round percentages to one decimal place.

traditional philosophy lean manufacturing philosophy
value-added time 12min 12min
non-value-added time min min
total lead time 365min 48min
value-added ratio (as a percent) % %