Renew turf, inc., enters into a contract with sports park to provide surface material for sports park's baseball fields by october 1 for a series to begin october 5. the contract specifies an amount to be paid if the contract is breached. this is a liquidated damages clause if the amount is:

a. meant to pay for additional liquid sealant in the event of damage
b. a reasonable estimate of the loss on a breach
c. designed to penalize the breaching party
d. intended to quickly provide cash to the non-breaching party

While cell phones with holographic keyboards are currently in the introduction stage of the industry life cycle, tablet computers are in the growth stage. in the context of this scenario, which of the following statements is true? a. the industry for cell phones with holographic keyboards will face greater competition than the tablet industry. b. while the industry for cell phones with holographic keyboards will focus more on product innovation, the tablet industry will focus more on process innovation. c. while the industry for cell phones with holographic keyboards can reap the benefits of economies of scale, the tablet industry will experience no such benefits. d. the industry for cell phones with holographic keyboards will face price competition, whereas, in the tablet industry, the mode of competition will be non-price.