Suppose that factories in chicago, illinois, and gary, indiana, produce pollution thataffects people living in western michigan. even though the polluting plants and affectedindividuals can be identified, the externality cannot be resolved privately because of thelarge number of both polluters and affected individuals. this is an example of:

a)the assignment problem.
b)the free rider problem.
c)crowding out of pollution
d)transaction costs and negotiating problems.

Financial information that is capable of making a difference in a decision is

James albemarle created a trust fund at the beginning of 2016. the income from this fund will go to his son edward. when edward reaches the age of 25, the principal of the fund will be conveyed to united charities of cleveland. mr. albemarle specified that 75 percent of trustee fees are to be paid from principal. terry jones, cpa, is the trustee. james albemarle transferred cash of $500,000, stocks worth $400,000, and rental property valued at $250,000 to the trustee of this fund. immediately invested cash of $360,000 in bonds issued by the u.s. government. commissions of $7,900 are paid on this transaction. incurred permanent repairs of $9,000 so that the property can be rented. payment is made immediately. received dividends of $8,000. of this amount, $3,000 had been declared prior to the creation of the trust fund. paid insurance expense of $4,000 on the rental property. received rental income of $10,000. paid $8,000 from the trust for trustee services rendered. conveyed cash of $7,000 to edward albemarle.

Braden’s ice cream shop is losing business. he knows that customers are no longer choosing his product because a competing product has become less expensive, yet he has refused to lower his prices. what has happened to braden’s business?