In january, the interest rate is 5 percent and firms borrow $50 billion per month for investment projects. in february, the federal government doubles its monthly borrowing from $25 billion to $50 billion. that drives the interest rate up to 7 percent. as a result, firms cut back their borrowing to only $30 billion per month.
which of the following is true?

a. there is no crowding-out effect because the government's increase in borrowing exceeds rm's decrease in borrowing.
b. there is a crowding-out effect of $20 billion.
c. there is no crowding-out effect because both: government and firms are still borrowing a lot.
d. there is a crowding-out effect of $25 billion.

The risk-free rate is 7% and the expected rate of return on the market portfolio is 11%. a. calculate the required rate of return on a security with a beta of 1.92. (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. if the security is expected to return 15%, is it overpriced or underpriced?

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At april 1, 2019, the food and drug administration is in the process of investigating allegations of false marketing claims by hulkly muscle supplements. the fda has not yet proposed a penalty assessment. hulkly’s fiscal year ends on december 31, 2018. the company’s financial statements are issued in april 2019. required: for each of the following scenarios, determine the appropriate way to report the situation. 1. management feels an assessment is reasonably possible, and if an assessment is made an unfavorable settlement of $13 million is reasonably possible. 2. management feels an assessment is reasonably possible, and if an assessment is made an unfavorable settlement of $13 million is probable. 3. management feels an assessment is probable, and if an assessment is made an unfavorable settlement of $13 million is reasonably possible. 4. management feels an assessment is probable, and if an assessment is made an unfavorable settlement of $13 million is probable.