Product placement (the use of branded products by characters in films and tv shows in return for a fee paid by the brand's owner) is commonplace today. several news agencies have done extensive reports on the common practice. how often have you seen a character drinking a brand of soda, going to shop at a named retail outlet, or using some branded electronics equipment? if you haven't noticed these ads, you are probably experiencing:

a.
defensive biases

b.
feedback variables

c.
differences in communication media

d.
perceptual filters

e.
communications deviations

d. This is clearly a case of perceptual filters. There are many people in the theater watching a movie. Suppose a James Bond movie, shows James Bond using a Sony mobile hand set.

Explanation:

Audience in the theater, who wants to buy a new handset, will pay attention and notice the fact that James Bond is using a Sony hand set. But audiences, who do not need to buy a hand set will probably not notice the brand or the model. So, those who do not want to buy a new mobile set are using their perceptual filters by not noticing the brand.

muslims control the north africa during the period of 1500 up

to 1800. they made a barrier to prevent further european exploration from

entering the africa from the north. however, the dutch ware still able to move

toward the interior with having south africa as one of the routes leading to

the east for trading with asia.

the correct answer will be d