Must be established with added value, or what is above and beyond what is expected.
a. pricing
b. positioning
c. skimming
d. penetration

positioning

Explanation: Positioning relates to the spot a company holds in the buyer's view and how it can be differentiated from the rival's goods. Positioning is among the most influential notions of marketing.  

In addition to content and moral factors, Schaefer and Kuehlwein broaden the term to include' reality' held by the purpose or illusion of a company.A strong position offers a USP (Unique proposal for sale) to the company.

A successful positioning enables a product or company look more appealing in a marketplace crowded with hundreds of products and brands offering similar advantages, giving it the ability to demand a premium price and  forestall competition from the others.

answer; i believe its (d) intrinsic;