Regulations that make companies pay for negative externalities will most likely production costs.

Regulations that make companies pay for negative externalities will most likley INCREASE production costs. Negative externalities are negative impacts to something outside of production. For example, negative externalities of mining are environmental damage from the leaching of heavy metals into soil and water supplies. These are not a cost in production, but they are something negative that happens as a result of production in mines. Regulations requiring mining companies to pay for these negative externalities thus would increase production costs.

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.

The advantage of administering personality tests on employees is that it will allow the employer to know the mindset and personality of the employee. this will allow the employer to at least have an idea as to how the employee works and how his attitude in the workplace. the disadvantage is that it may make the employee a little anxious as to whether he would meet the personality requirements of the employer and whether he would be able to retain the job or not.