Several years ago John Johnson, who is in the lending business, loaned Sara $30,000 to purchase an automobile to be used for personal purposes. In August of the current year, Sara filed for bankruptcy, after paying back $1,000 of the loan to John. John was notified by the bankruptcy court that he could not expect to receive more than an additional $4,000. John has contacted you about the possibility of taking a bad debt deduction for the current year.

With signals from no-claim bonuses and deductibles, a. the marginal cost curve for careful drivers lies to the left of the marginal cost curve for aggressive drivers b. auto insurance companies insure more aggressive drivers than careful drivers because aggressive drivers have a greater need for the insurance c. the market for car insurance has a separating equilibrium, and the market is efficient d. most drivers pay higher premiums than if the market had no signals