The earliest models of the solar system employed what Aristotle, and Plato before him, had taught was the perfect form: the circle. The simplest possible arrangement—uniform motion around a circle having Earth as its center—provided a fairly good approximation to the orbits of the Sun and the Moon, but it could not account for the observed variations in planetary brightness or their retrograde motion. Thus, a more complex model was needed to describe the motion of the planets. (Eric Chaison and Steve McMillan, Astronomy Today, 3rd ed.)
Answer

a Argument; conclusion: A more complex model . . . motion of the planets.
b Argument; conclusion: The simplest possible arrangement . . . retrograde motion.
c Nonargument.
d Argument; conclusion: The simplest possible arrangement . . . Sun and Moon.
e Argument; conclusion: The earliest models . . . the circle.

John novosel was employed by nationwide insurance company for fifteen years. novosel had been a model employee and, at the time of discharge, was a district claims manager and a candidate for the position of division claims manager. during novosel's fifteenth year of employment, nationwide circulated a memorandum requesting the participation of all employees in an effort to lobby the pennsylvania state legislature for the passage of a certain bill before the body. novosel, who had privately indicated his disagreement with nationwide's political views, refused to lend his support to the lobby, and his employment with nationwide was terminated. novosel brought two separate claims against nationwide, arguing, first, that his discharge for refusing to lobby the state legislature on behalf of nationwide constituted the tort of wrongful discharge in that it was arbitrary, malicious, and contrary to public policy. novosel also contended that nationwide breached an implied contract guaranteeing continued employment so long as his job performance was satisfactory. what decision as to each claim?

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