Financial markets and channel to . They also channel money from individuals who want to for the future to those who need cash to spend today. A third function of financial markets is to allow individuals and businesses to adjust their risk. For example, , such as the Vanguard Index fund, and , such as SPDRs or "spiders," allow individuals to spread their risk across a large number of stocks. Financial markets provide other mechanisms for sharing risks. For example, a wheat farmer and a baker may use the to reduce their exposure to wheat prices. Financial markets and intermediaries allow investors to turn an investment into cash when needed. For example, the of public companies are because they are traded in huge volumes on the . are the main providers of payment services by offering checking accounts and electronic transfers. Finally, financial markets provide information. For example, the of a company that is contemplating an issue of debt can look at the yields on existing to gauge how much interest the company will need to pay.

Baldwin has negotiated a new labor contract for the next round that will affect the cost for their product bold. labor costs will go from $7.91 to $8.41 per unit. in addition, their material costs have fallen from $13.66 to $12.66. assume all period costs as reported on baldwin's income statement remain the same. if baldwin were to pass on half the new costs of labor and half the savings in materials to customers by adjusting the price of their product, how many units of product bold would need to be sold next round to break even on the product?

The following account balances at the beginning of january were selected from the general ledger of fresh bagel manufacturing company: work in process inventory $0 raw materials inventory $ 28 comma 100 finished goods inventory $ 40 comma 600 additional data: 1. actual manufacturing overhead for january amounted to $ 65 comma 000. 2. total direct labor cost for january was $ 63 comma 400. 3. the predetermined manufacturing overhead rate is based on direct labor cost. the budget for the year called for $ 255 comma 000 of direct labor cost and $ 382 comma 500 of manufacturing overhead costs. 4. the only job unfinished on january 31 was job no. 151, for which total direct labor charges were $ 5 comma 200 (1 comma 300 direct labor hours) and total direct material charges were $ 14 comma 400. 5. cost of direct materials placed in production during january totaled $ 123 comma 700. there were no indirect material requisitions during january. 6. january 31 balance in raw materials inventory was $ 35 comma 300. 7. finished goods inventory balance on january 31 was $ 35 comma 400. what is the cost of goods manufactured for january?

Abusiness cycle reflects in economic activity, particularly real gdp. the stages of a business cycle