When decision rights are decentralized, typically a. decisions are being moved away from those with more of the relevant information b. decisions are being moved to those with weaker incentives to make good decisions c. decisions are being moved to those with less of the relevant information d. decisions are being moved to those with stronger incentives to make good decisions

Alyssa works for an engineering firm that has been hired to design and supervise the construction of a highway bridge over a major river. the bridge will be a unique design, incorporating complex designs that will likely never be duplicated. how should alyssa deal with designing and overseeing the building of the bridge?

Richardson hired j.c. flood company, a plumbing contractor, to correct a stoppage in the sewer line of her house. the plumbing company's 'snake' device, used to clear the line leading to the main sewer, became caught in the underground line. to release it, the company excavated a portion of the sewer line in richardson's backyard. in the process, the company discovered numerous leaks in a rusty, defective water pipe that ran parallel with the sewer line. to meet public regulations, the water pipe, of a type no longer approved for such service, had to be replaced either then or later, when the yard would have to be excavated again. the plumbing company proceeded to repair the water pipe. though richardson inspected the company's work daily and did not express any objection to the extra work involved in replacing the water pipe, she refused to pay any part of the total bill after the company completed the entire operation. j.c. flood company then sued richardson for the costs of labor and material it had furnished. (c) for what, if anything, should richardson be liable? explain."

Afarmer is an example of what kind of producer?