Jeremy holds 14.5% shares of stock in an automobile company. As per the company norms, if the company issues new stock, as an existing stockholder, Jeremy can buy 14.5% of the new shares before the stock is offered to the other investors of the company. what kind of scenario is this?

Bernard made a gift of $500,000 to his brother in 2014. due to bernard’s prior taxable gifts he paid $200,000 of gift tax. when bernard died in 2019, the applicable gift tax credit had increased. at bernard’s death, what amount related to the $500,000 gift to his brother is included in his gross estate?