Double-entry bookkeeping implies that: A. profits cannot be negative because profit equals the value of final output less costs. B. profits fill the gap between the sum of employee compensation, rents and interest on the one hand and the value of final output on the other hand. C. aggregate income net of profits is less than the value of final output because profit can add or take away from final output. D. aggregate income net of profits is greater than the value of final output because profit can add or take away from final output.

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine

In our daily interactions we can find ourselves listening to other people solely for the purpose of finding weakness in their positions so that we can formulate a convincing response. select one: true false

Arestaurant that creates a new type of sandwich is using (blank) as a method of competition.