A tradeoff exists between a clean environment and a higher level of income in that a. studies show that individuals with higher levels of income pollute less than low-income individuals. b. efforts to reduce pollution typically are not completely successful. c. laws that reduce pollution raise costs of production and reduce incomes. d. employing individuals to clean up pollution causes increases in employment and income.

(D). employing individuals to clean up pollution causes increases in employment and income.

Explanation:

There is a trade-off between a clean environment and increase in income levels such that, when people are hired to reduce pollution and keep an environment clean, this leads to an increase in employment and a corresponding increase in income levels.

Therefore, a clean environment and higher income levels balance each other out.

d. employing individuals to clean up pollution causes increases in employment and income

Explanation: A trade-off is a compromise. It is defined as any situation in which the quality or quantity of one thing must be decreased for another to be increased. Employing individuals to clean up pollution leads to a corresponding increase in the level of employment and income. The environment becomes cleaner, in other words, pollution decreases while employment and income increases leading to a trade-off between a clean environment and a higher level of income.