Raycom Construction needs heavy-duty equipment to install a new pipeline in northern Alaska. Raycom's engineers have been asked to provide detailed specifications and recommendations for the equipment needed. The Raycom engineers will primarily play the role in the company's buying center.

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine

Differentiate between the trait, behavioral, and results-based performance appraisal systems, providing an example where each would be most applicable.

Best burger is a major fast food chain. its managers are motivated to grow the firm in order to increase their market power and change the industry structure in their favor. which of the following strategies is most associated with their motive for growth? a. employing celebrity spokespeople b. implementing automated burger-making machinery c. purchasing competitors d. increasing executive salaries