Myrna and Geoffrey filed a joint tax return in 2018. Their AGI was $85,000, and itemized deductions were $24,700, which included $7,000 in state income tax. In 2019, they received a $1,800 refund of the state income taxes that they paid in 2018. The standard deduction for married filing jointly in 2018 was $24,000.Under the tax benefit rule, $ of the state income tax refund is included in gross income in 2019.

5. profit maximization and shutting down in the short run suppose that the market for polos is a competitive market. the following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 price (dollars per polo) quantity (thousands of polos) mc atc avc for each price in the following table, calculate the firm's optimal quantity of units to produce, and determine the profit or loss if it produces at that quantity, using the data from the previous graph to identify its total variable cost. assume that if the firm is indifferent between producing and shutting down, it will produce. (hint: you can select the purple points [diamond symbols] on the previous graph to see precise information on average variable cost.) price quantity total revenue fixed cost variable cost profit (dollars per polo) (polos) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) 12.50 135,000 27.50 135,000 45.00 135,000 if the firm shuts down, it must incur its fixed costs (fc) in the short run. in this case, the firm's fixed cost is $135,000 per day. in other words, if it shuts down, the firm would suffer losses of $135,000 per day until its fixed costs end (such as the expiration of a building lease). this firm's shutdown price—that is, the price below which it is optimal for the firm to shut down—is per polo.

Explain the relationship between consumers and producers in economic growth and activity

Pederson company reported the following: manufacturing costs $480,000 units manufactured 8,000 units sold 7,500 units sold for $90 per unit beginning inventory 2,000 units what is the average manufacturing cost per unit? (round the answer to the nearest dollar.)