College students pay tuition, fees, and other charges each year to attend their educational institution. Using the price equation, what is the final price or cost to attend college for a typical semester based on the following data for an in-state student: tuition = $4,000; technology fee = $25; healthcare insurance = $50; student activity fee = $25; room & board = $5,000; books = $500; transportation & parking = $400; financial aid from work study (10 hours per week at $10 per hour wage) = $100 for 15 weeks; scholarships = $2000; and a discount of $500 for taking 15 credit hours?

Phoenix guitars is interested in pursuing backward integration to take greater ownership of the extraction of raw materials and production of components used in its signature line of guitars. although this approach would lower the overall cost of producing a guitar, the costs associated with producing electronic pickupsfor sound amplification are far greater than those associated with sourcing pickups from a reliable supplier. which of the following approaches is likely to produce superior results? a) invest in vertical integration despite the cost of producing pickups.b) abandon the idea of vertical integration entirely.c) pursue taper integration.d) introduce a budget line of guitars to diversify the firm's offerings.