To effectively positioning a product or brand, companies take four steps: (1) ; (2) discover how target customers rate competing products or brands with respect to critical attributes; (3) discover where the company's product or brand is on these attributes in the minds of potential customers; and (4) reposition the company's product or brand in the minds of potential customers.

The step which is followed first is shown below:

Explanation:

The key or vital positioning of the brand or product effectively is to discover the perceptions of the customers. While determining the positioning in the companies as well as customers, it involve four steps, from which the first and foremost step which is to be taken is as:

Identify or Acknowledge the vital attributes for the class of the brand or the product.

This is the very first step while positioning the product or brand is to recogize the attributes necessary for the product class.

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explanation:

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answer; the correct answer is (direct foreign investment);