If a respondent says his income is "Over $100,000 per annum" when, in fact, it is "$50,000 per annum",the difference between the true and actual measurement of income in this case could be said to be LACK of:

A)reliability.
B)validity.
C)All of these are correct.
D)None of these are correct.
E)nominal scaling.

The market yield on spice grills' bonds is 15%, and the firm's marginal tax rate is 33%. what is their shareholders' required return if the equity risk premium is 4%?

Information on gerken power co., is shown below. assume the company’s tax rate is 40 percent. debt: 9,400 8.4 percent coupon bonds outstanding, $1,000 par value, 21 years to maturity, selling for 100.5 percent of par; the bonds make semiannual payments. common stock: 219,000 shares outstanding, selling for $83.90 per share; beta is 1.24. preferred stock: 12,900 shares of 5.95 percent preferred stock outstanding, currently selling for $97.10 per share. market: 7.2 percent market risk premium and 5 percent risk-free rate. required: calculate the company's wacc. (do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) wacc %

The largest elements of community corrections are