Fixed cost is:.
a. average cost multiplied by the firm's output.
b. usually zero in the short run.
c. the cost of producing one more unit of capital, for example, machinery.
d. any cost that does not change when the firm changes its output.

d. any cost that does not change when the firm changes its output.

Explanation:

Fixed costs are the expenses that remain constant throughout a financial period. They are not dependent on the output level for the period. Fixed costs are budgeted at the beginning of the season and will not change as long as production does not go beyond the optimal level. Examples of fixed costs are depreciation, rents,  administrative salaries, and insurance.

Variable costs contrasts fixed costs. Whereas fixed costs remain constant, variable cost change depending on the level of production. Adding fixed costs to variable costs results in the total costs for a business.  The average total cost is the total cost divided by the total output.

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