On January 1, 2021, Ravetch Corporation’s projected benefit obligation was $51 million. During 2021, pension benefits paid by the trustee were $7 million. Service cost for 2021 is $18 million. Pension plan assets (at fair value) increased during 2021 by $9 million as expected. At the end of 2021, there were no pension-related other comprehensive income (OCI) accounts. The actuary’s discount rate was 10%.

Determine the amount of the projected benefit obligation at December 31, 2021.

In the terminology of multilevel marketing, which of the following statements about the relationship between upliners and downliners is most accurate? in multilevel marketing, upliners are intermediaries who deal directly with final customers, while downliners are intermediaries who coordinate the transportation and storage services the upliners need to move the goods they sell through the channel of distribution. upliners sell through electronic retailing arrangements, while downliners use more traditional methods of retail selling. upliners are salespeople who act as independent contractors, earning commissions on their own sales and also on the sales of downliners, who are additional salespeople that they recruit. upliners use intensive distribution strategies to sell a good, while downliners use either a selective or exclusive distribution strategy to sell the same type of good.