Returns earned over a given time period are called realized returns. Historical data on realized returns is often used to estimate future results. Analysts across companies use realized stock returns to estimate the risk of a stock.
Consider the case of Blue Llama Mining Inc. (BLM):
Five years of realized returns for BLM are given in the following table. Remember:
1. While BLM was started 40 years ago, its common stock has been publicly traded for the past 25 years.
2. The returns on its equity are calculated as arithmetic returns.
3. The historical returns for BLM for 2012 to 2015 are:

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Stock return 11.25% 7.65% 13.50% 18.90% 5.85%

1) Given the preceding data, the average realized return on BLM's stock is .
2) The preceding data series represents (the population, the universe, or a sample) of BLM's historical returns. Based on this conclusion, the standard deviation of BLM's historical returns is .
3) If investors expect the average realized return from 2012 to 2016 on BLM's stock to continue in to the future, its coefficient of variation (CV) will be .

Suppose the number of firms you compete with has recently increased. you estimated that as a result of the increased competition, the demand elasticity has increased from –2 to –3 (i.e., you face more elastic demand). you are currently charging $10 for your product. what is the price that you should charge if demand elasticity is -3?

Balance sheet baggett company's balance sheet accounts and amounts as of december 31, 2016, are shown in random order as follows: account debit (credit) account debit (credit) income taxes payable $(3,800) additional paid-in capital on preferred prepaid items 1,800 stock $(7,900) additional paid-in capital on common stock (9,300) allowance for doubtful accounts (1,600) land 12,200 bonds payable (due 2020) (23,000) notes payable (due 2019) (6,000) buildings 57,400 notes receivable (due 2018) 16,400 sinking fund to retire bonds payable 5,000 accounts receivable 12,600 advances from customers (long-term) (2,600) premium on bonds payable (1,400) cash 4,300 accounts payable (13,100) accumulated depreciation: equipment (9,700) inventory 7,400 retained earnings (18,300) accumulated depreciation: buildings (21,000) preferred stock, $100 par (18,600) patents (net) 4,600 wages payable (1,400) equipment 28,700 common stock, $10 par (12,700) required: 1. prepare a december 31, 2016 balance sheet for the baggett. baggett company balance sheet december 31, 2016 assets current assets: $ $ $ long-term investments: $ property, plant, and equipment: $ $ $ intangible assets: liabilities current liabilities: $ $ long-term liabilities: $ $ other liabilities: shareholders' equity contributed capital: $ $ $ $ 2. compute the debt-to-assets ratio. round to one decimal place. do not enter a percent sign (%) as part of your answer. %

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