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Ajustification for job training programs is that they improve worker productivity. suppose that you are asked to evaluate whether more job training makes workers more productive. however, rather than having data on individual workers, you have access to data on manufacturing firms in ohio. in particu- lar, for each firm, you have information on hours of job training per worker (training) and number of nondefective items produced per worker hour (output). (i) carefully state the ceteris paribus thought experiment underlying this policy question. (ii) does it seem likely that a firm’s decision to train its workers will be independent of worker characteristics? what are some of those measurable and unmeasurable worker characteristics? (iii) name a factor other than worker characteristics that can affect worker productivity. (iv) if you find a positive correlation between output and training, would you have convincingly established that job training makes workers more productive? explain.

M. cotteleer electronics supplies microcomputer circuitry to a company that incorporates microprocessors into refrigerators and other home appliances. one of the components has an annual demand of 235 units, and this is constant throughout the year. carrying cost is estimated to be $1.25 per unit per year, and the ordering (setup) cost is $21 per order. a) to minimize cost, how many units should be ordered each time an order is placed? b) how many orders per year are needed with the optimal policy? c) what is the average inventory if costs are minimized? d) suppose that the ordering cost is not $21, and cotteleer has been ordering 125 units each time an order is placed. for this order policy (of q = 125) to be optimal, determine what the ordering cost would have to be.

Georgia orchards produced a good crop of peaches this year. after preparing the following income statement, the company is concerned about the net loss on its no. 3 peaches. georgia orchards income statement for year ended december 31, 2017 no. 1 no. 2 no. 3 combined sales (by grade) no. 1: 300,000 ibs. @ $1.50/lb $ 450,000 no. 2: 300,000 ibs. @ $1.00/lb $ 300,000 no. 3: 750,000 ibs. @ $0.25/lb $ 187,500 total sales $ 937,500 costs tree pruning and care @ $0.30/ib 90,000 90,000 225,000 405,000 picking, sorting, and grading @ $0.15/ib 45,000 45,000 112,500 202,500 delivery costs 15,000 15,000 37,500 67,500 total costs 150,000 150,000 375,000 675,000 net income (loss) $ 300,000 $ 150,000 $ (187,500 ) $ 262,500 in preparing this statement, the company allocated joint costs among the grades on a physical basis as an equal amount per pound. the company’s delivery cost records show that $30,000 of the $67,500 relates to crating the no. 1 and no. 2 peaches and hauling them to the buyer. the remaining $37,500 of delivery costs is for crating the no. 3 peaches and hauling them to the cannery. required: 1. prepare reports showing cost allocations on a sales value basis to the three grades of peaches. separate the delivery costs into the amounts directly identifiable with each grade. then allocate any shared delivery costs on the basis of the relative sales value of each grade. (do not round intermediate calculations.)