Account balances at the beginning of the year were: accounts receivable, $25,000; and inventory, $60,000. All sales were on account. Required: Compute the following financial data and ratios: 1. Working capital. 2. Current ratio. 3. Acid-test ratio. 4. Debt-to-equity ratio. Times interest earned ratio. 6. Average collection period. 7. Average sale period. 8. Operating cycle.

You wish to retire in 13 years, at which time you want to have accumulated enough money to receive an annual annuity of $23,000 for 18 years after retirement. during the period before retirement you can earn 9 percent annually, while after retirement you can earn 11 percent on your money. what annual contributions to the retirement fund will allow you to receive the $23,000 annuity? use appendix c and appendix d for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.