What is the main difference between industry standards set by consumers versus industry standards set collectively by companies?

a. Customers set the standards as a result of their buying patterns; companies set the standards after the government implements the standards into the public domain.
b. Customers set the standards by lobbying the government to mandate them; companies set the standards by cooperating with one another to implement them.
c. Customers set the standards as a result of their buying patterns; companies set the standards by working together to implement them.
d. Customers set the standards as a result of their buying patterns; companies set the standards by lobbying the government to mandate them.

Problem 9-5. net present value and taxes [lo 1, 2] penguin productions is evaluating a film project. the president of penguin estimates that the film will cost $20,000,000 to produce. in its first year, the film is expected to generate $16,500,000 in net revenue, after which the film will be released to video. video is expected to generate $10,000,000 in net revenue in its first year, $2,500,000 in its second year, and $1,000,000 in its third year. for tax purposes, amortization of the cost of the film will be $12,000,000 in year 1 and $8,000,000 in year 2. the company’s tax rate is 35 percent, and the company requires a 12 percent rate of return on its films. required what is the net present value of the film project? to simplify, assume that all outlays to produce the film occur at time 0. should the company produce the film?

Bridge building company estimates that it will incur $1,200,000 in overhead costs for the year. additionally, the company estimates 50,000 direct labor hours will be spent building custom walking bridges for the year at a total direct labor cost of $600,000. what is the predetermined overhead rate for bridge building company if direct labor costs are to be used as an allocation base?

Slow ride corp. is evaluating a project with the following cash flows: year cash flow 0 –$12,000 1 5,800 2 6,500 3 6,200 4 5,100 5 –4,300 the company uses a 11 percent discount rate and an 8 percent reinvestment rate on all of its projects. calculate the mirr of the project using all three methods using these interest rates.