The Cocoa Factory manufactures and distributes chocolate products. It purchases cocoa beans and processes them into two intermediate products: chocolate-powder liquor base and milk-chocolate liquor base. These two intermediate products become separately identifiable at a single splitoff point. Every 900 pounds of cocoa beans yields 30 gallons of chocolate-powder liquor base and 120 gallons of milk-chocolate liquor base.

The chocolate-powder liquor base is further processed into chocolate powder. Every 50 gallons of chocolate-powder liquor base yield 650 pounds of chocolate powder. The milk-chocolate liquor base is further processed into milk chocolate. Every 50 gallons of milk-chocolate liquor base yield 1,070 pounds of milk chocolate.

Production and sales data for August 2014 are as follows (assume no beginning inventory):

▪ Cocoa beans processed, 28,000 pounds
▪ Costs of processing cocoa beans to splitoff point (including purchase of beans), $62,000

Production Sales Selling Price Separable Processing Costs
Chocolate powder 9,100 pounds 6,500 pounds $9 per pound $50,100
Milk chocolate 14,980 pounds 13,500 pounds $10 per pound $60,115

Cocoa Factory fully processes both of its intermediate products into chocolate powder or milk chocolate. There is an active market for these intermediate products. In August 2014, Cocoa Factory could have sold the chocolate-powder liquor base for $20 a gallon and the milk-chocolate liquor base for $60 a gallon.

Required

1. Calculate how the joint costs of $62,000 would be allocated between chocolate powder and milk chocolate under the following methods:

a. Sales value at splitoff
b. Physical-measure (gallons)
c. NRV
d. Constant gross-margin percentage NRV

2. What are the gross-margin percentages of chocolate powder and milk chocolate under each of the methods in requirement 1?
3. Could Cocoa Factory have increased its operating income by a change in its decision to fully process both of its intermediate products? Show your computations.