The city government is considering two tax proposals: • A lump-sum tax of $300 on each producer of hamburgers. • A tax of $1 per burger, paid by producers of hamburgers. Which of the following statements is true as a result of the lump-sum tax? Check all that apply. Average total cost will increase. Average variable cost will increase. Average fixed cost will decrease. Marginal cost will remain unchanged. Which of the following statements is true as a result of the per-burger tax? Check all that apply. Average total cost will remain unchanged. Average fixed cost will decrease. Marginal cost will increase. Average variable cost will increase.

Suppose an economist believes that the price level in the economy is directly related to the money supply, or the amount of money circulating in the economy. the economist proposes the following relationship: p=a x m - p=price level - m=money supply - a=a composite of other factors, including real gdp, that change very slowly over time. how might an economist gather empirical data to test the proposed relationship between money and the price level? an economist would persuade the federal reserve to change the money supply to various levels, and observe the resulting changes in the price level. unlike researchers in the hard sciences, economists cannot study complex relationships using data. economists do not usually develop theoretical models of the economy but only analyze summary statistics about the current state of the economy. an economist would look for data on past changes in the money supply, and note the resulting changes in the price level

Richardson hired j.c. flood company, a plumbing contractor, to correct a stoppage in the sewer line of her house. the plumbing company's 'snake' device, used to clear the line leading to the main sewer, became caught in the underground line. to release it, the company excavated a portion of the sewer line in richardson's backyard. in the process, the company discovered numerous leaks in a rusty, defective water pipe that ran parallel with the sewer line. to meet public regulations, the water pipe, of a type no longer approved for such service, had to be replaced either then or later, when the yard would have to be excavated again. the plumbing company proceeded to repair the water pipe. though richardson inspected the company's work daily and did not express any objection to the extra work involved in replacing the water pipe, she refused to pay any part of the total bill after the company completed the entire operation. j.c. flood company then sued richardson for the costs of labor and material it had furnished. (c) for what, if anything, should richardson be liable? explain."

Andy owns islander surfboard inc. in the past, andy has always given his employees bonuses during the holidays if they reached certain sales goals. this year, even though the company is thriving, he decided to cut bonuses from employees and award them to himself instead. what ethical theory of leadership is andy following?