The process of developing budget estimates by requiring managers to estimate sales, production, and other operating data as though operations were being initiated for the first time is referred to as budgeting.

Zero based budgeting

Explanation:

Zero-based budgeting is a process of developing budget estimates by requiring managers to estimate sales, production, and other operating data as though operations were being initiated for the first time.

It is time consuming compared to other method of budgeting ( traditional).

Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) is a method of budgeting where income less expenditure is equal to zero.

It is a budgeting in which all expenses must be justified for each new period. It is detail-oriented.

Zero-based budgeting can be used to lower costs by avoiding blanket increases or decreases to a prior period's budget.

zero-based budgeting may be a rolling process done over several years.

answer: marginal utility of the fourth brownie is 0.

explanation: marginal utility is the addtional utility gained from the consumption of one more unit of a good. it is given by,

so, marginal utility at the 4th unit will be given by

since, the values are not given here, you can simply find marginal utility at fourth unit by subtracting total utility at 3rd unit from total utility at 4th unit.