(1.1: Modeling) Before paying employee bonuses and state and federal taxes, a company earns profits of $103,000. The company pays employees a bonus equal to 5% of after-tax profits. State tax is 5% of profits (after bonuses are paid). Finally, federal tax is 40% of profits (after bonuses and state tax are paid). Calculate the amounts paid in bonuses, state tax and federal tax.

Amount paid in;

Bonuses to employees = $5,150

State tax = $5,150

Federal tax = $41,200

Explanation:

The bonus paid to employees, federal tax and state tax are all a percentage of the profit made by the company.

The amount of each of these elements may be computed by applying the applicable percentage on the profit made by the company before any of these deductions.

amounts paid in;

bonuses =  5% * $103,000

= $5,150

state tax  =  5% * $103,000

= $5,150

and

federal tax =  40% * $103,000

= $41,200

cognitive overload: having a lot on your mind impairs decision-making and tends to result in the simplest, but not necessarily best, option being selected.

empathy gaps: overlooking how you might feel in a different situation can result in unnecessary purchases, such as overbuying when shopping for food on an empty stomach.

optimism and overconfidence: wearing rose-tinted glasses and having unrealistic expectations about the future can affect money management and leave you unprepared for a change in circumstance.

instant gratification: seeking instant gratification drives impulsive spending and can undermine long-term planning and savings.

harmful habits: automatic or mindless behaviour can amplify a poor financial decision as it becomes a recurring event.

social norms: we are heavily influenced by the actions of others; while this can be in certain circumstances, it also contributes to the pressure to keep up with the joneses through conspicuous consumption.