Jow has made friends across a number of departments at his company. The group regularly talks and socializes outside of group hours, and agrees that their supervisors don't appreciate them. At work, they all conform to a number of unofficial rules about productivity and attitude that are at odds with official company policy. The theory that best explains Jow and his friends' behavior is .

David paid $975,000 for two beachfront lots in coastal south carolina, with the intention of building residential homes on each. two years later, the south carolina legislature passed the beachfront management act, barring any further development of the coast, including david's lots. when david files a complaint to seek compensation for his property, south carolina refuses, pointing to a passage in david's own complaint that states "the beachfront management act [was] properly and validly designed to south carolina's " is south carolina required to compensate david under the takings clause?