White Lion Homebuilders is considering investing in a one-year project that requires an initial investment of $500, 000. To do so, it will have issue new common stock and will incur a flotation cost of 2.00%. At the end of the year, the project is expected to produce a cash inflow of $595, 000. The rate of return that White Lion expects to earn on its project (net of its flotation costs) is (rounded to two decimal places).

Alpha Moose Transporters has a current stock price of $22.35 per share, and is expected to pay a per-share dividend of $2.45 at the end of next year. The company's earnings' and dividends' growth rate are expected to grow at the constant rate of 9.40% into the foreseeable future. If Alpha Moose expects to incur flotation costs of 6.50% of the value of its newly-raised equity funds, then the flotation-adjusted (net) cost of its new common stock (rounded to two decimal places) should be .

White Lion Homebuilders Co.'s addition to earnings for this year is expected to be $745, 000. Its target capital structure consists of 35% debt, 5% preferred, and 60% equity.

Determine White Lion Homebuilders's retained earnings breakpoint:

a. $1, 552, 084

b. $1, 117, 500

c. $1, 241, 667

d. $1, 427, 917

The following selected circumstances relate to pending lawsuits for erismus, inc. erismus’s fiscal year ends on december 31. financial statements are issued in march 2019. erismus prepares its financial statements according to u.s. gaap. required: indicate the amount erismus would record as an asset, liability, or not accrued in the following circumstances. 1. erismus is defending against a lawsuit. erismus's management believes the company has a slightly worse than 50/50 chance of eventually prevailing in court, and that if it loses, the judgment will be $1,000,000. 2. erismus is defending against a lawsuit. erismus's management believes it is probable that the company will lose in court. if it loses, management believes that damages could fall anywhere in the range of $2,000,000 to $4,000,000, with any damage in that range equally likely. 3. erismus is defending against a lawsuit. erismus's management believes it is probable that the company will lose in court. if it loses, management believes that damages will eventually be $5,000,000, with a present value of $3,500,000. 4. erismus is a plaintiff in a lawsuit. erismus's management believes it is probable that the company eventually will prevail in court, and that if it prevails, the judgment will be $1,000,000. 5. erismus is a plaintiff in a lawsuit. erismus’s management believes it is virtually certain that the company eventually will prevail in court, and that if it prevails, the judgment will be $500,000.

Why should managers invest any excess cash

Summarize the specific methods used by interest groups in order to influence governmental decisions making in all three branches of government. provide at least two examples from each branch.