At what levels does control take place in this organization? Which output performance standards (e. g.: financial measures, organizational goals) do managers use most often to evaluate performance at each level? How important is behavior control in this organization? For example, how much of managers' time is spent directly supervising employees? How formalized is the organization structure? Do employees receive an operational manual instructing them on how to perform their jobs?

Four key marketing decision variables are price (p), advertising (a), transportation (t), and product quality (q). consumer demand (d) is influenced by these variables. the simplest model for describing demand in terms of these variables is: d = k – pp + aa + tt + qq where k, p, a, t, and q are constants. discuss the assumptions of this model. specifically, how does each variable affect demand? how do the variables influence each other? what limitations might this model have? how can it be improved?