Each of the four independent situations below describes a sales-type lease in which annual lease payments of $10,000 are payable at the beginning of each year. Each is a finance lease for the lessee. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.)Situation1 2 3 4 Lease term (years) 4 4 4 4 Asset’s useful life (years) 4 5 5 7 Lessor’s implicit rate (known by lessee) 11 % 11 % 11 % 11 %Residual value: Guaranteed by lessee 0 $ 4,000 $ 2,000 0 Unguaranteed 0 0 $ 2,000 $ 4,000 Purchase option: After (years) none 3 4 3 Exercise price n/a $ 7,000 $ 1,000 $ 3,000 Reasonably certain? n/a no no yes Determine the following amounts at the beginning of the lease (Round your final answers to nearest whole dollar.):

Agood for which demand increases as income rises is and a good for which demand increases as income falls is

Suppose an economist believes that the price level in the economy is directly related to the money supply, or the amount of money circulating in the economy. the economist proposes the following relationship: p=a x m - p=price level - m=money supply - a=a composite of other factors, including real gdp, that change very slowly over time. how might an economist gather empirical data to test the proposed relationship between money and the price level? an economist would persuade the federal reserve to change the money supply to various levels, and observe the resulting changes in the price level. unlike researchers in the hard sciences, economists cannot study complex relationships using data. economists do not usually develop theoretical models of the economy but only analyze summary statistics about the current state of the economy. an economist would look for data on past changes in the money supply, and note the resulting changes in the price level

Why are the four primary service outputs of spatial convenience, lot size, waiting time, and product variety important to logistics management? provide examples of competing firms that differ in the level of each service output provided to customers?