The common stock and debt of Northern Sludge are valued at $50 million and $30 million, respectively. Investors currently require a 16% return on the firm’s common stock and 8% on its debt. If Northern Sludge issues an additional $10 million of common stock and uses this money to retire (i. e., to pay back) debt, what is the expected return on its common stock? Assume first that the change in capital structure does not affect the risk of the debt. Suppose next that the change in capital structure decreased the risk of the debt. Would your previous answer then under- or overstate the effect on the expected return on the firm’s common stock? [Assume throughout that the MM assumptions hold (i. e., no taxes, no costs of financial distress)]

Indicate whether each of the following companies is primarily a service, merchandise, or manufacturing business. if you are unfamiliar with the company, use the internet to locate the company's home page or use the finance web site of yahoo. 1. alcoa inc. 2. boeing 3. caterpillar 4. citigroup inc. 5. cvs 6. dow chemical company 7. ebay inc. 8. fedex 9. ford motor company 10. gap inc. 11. h& r block 12. hilton hospitality, inc. 13. procter & gamble 14. suntrust 15. walmart stores, inc.

Each container is cut from the mould once the plastic has cooled and hardened. unit-level 2 patents are obtained for each new type of container mould. facility-level 3. plastic resins are used as the main direct material for the containers. product-level 4. a plant manager oversees the entire manufacturing operation. facility-level 5. the sales force incurs travel expenses to attend various trade shows throughout the country to market the containers. product-level 6. each container product line has a product line manager. product-level 7 the extrusion machine is calibrated for each batch of containers made. facility-level 8. each type of container has its own unique moulds. unit-level 9. routine maintenance is performed on the extrusion machines. facility-level 10. rent is paid for the building that houses the manufacturing processes. classify each activity as either unit-level, batch-level, product-level, or facility-level.

Organizations focus on facilities and systems during the stage in a work-unit activity analysis.