If a firm produces 10 units of output, total costs are $1,030, and average fixed costs are $10, then total variable costs are

Total variable costs =$930

Explanation:

Total cost is the sum of total fixed cost and total variable cost. Hence given the average fixed cost , we can work-out the total variable cost.

This  is done as follows:

Total fixed costs = average fixed costs × number of units

                         = $10 × 10= $100.

Total variable costs = Total cost - total fixed cost

                               = $1,030 - $100

                               =$930

Total variable costs =$930

the answer is . a novel has no sub-plot, but a novella does

decrease in total operating income of $45,000