Which of the following statements is true of strategic initiatives? Random events and accidental happenstances reduce the possibility of strategic initiatives in organizations. When lower-level employees are less empowered, the possibility of strategic initiatives is higher. Strategic initiatives result from top-down planning by executives and not through a bottom-up process. Strategic initiatives can be the result of a response to external trends or come from internal sources.

Which is cheaper: eating out or dining in? the mean cost of a flank steak, broccoli, and rice bought at the grocery store is $13.04 (money.msn website, november 7, 2012). a sample of 100 neighborhood restaurants showed a mean price of $12.75 and a standard deviation of $2 for a comparable restaurant meal. a. develop appropriate hypotheses for a test to determine whether the sample data support the conclusion that the mean cost of a restaurant meal is less than fixing a comparable meal at home. b. using the sample from the 100 restaurants, what is the p-value? c. at a = .05, what is your conclusion? d. repeat the preceding hypothesis test using the critical value approach