Joe and Rachel are both retired. Married for 55 years, they have amassed an estate worth $4.4 million. The couple has no trust or other type of tax-sheltered assets. If Joe or Rachel died in 2017, how much federal estate tax would the surviving spouse have to pay, assuming that the estate is taxed at the 40 percent rate

Uppose stanley's office supply purchases 50,000 boxes of pens every year. ordering costs are $100 per order and carrying costs are $0.40 per box. moreover, management has determined that the eoq is 5,000 boxes. the vendor now offers a quantity discount of $0.20 per box if the company buys pens in order sizes of 10,000 boxes. determine the before-tax benefit or loss of accepting the quantity discount. (assume the carrying cost remains at $0.40 per box whether or not the discount is taken.)