Which of the following best describes the valuation principle? A. The rate at which we can exchange money today for money in the future by borrowing or investing is the current market interest rate and is same across all banks. B. It is not possible to compare costs and benefits that occur at different points in time, in different currencies, or with different risks. C. The value of a commodity or an asset to a firm or its investors is determined by its competitive market price. When the value of the benefits exceeds the value of the costs in terms of market prices, the decision will increase the market value of the firm. D. If equivalent goods or securities trade simultaneously in different markets across the world, they will trade for the same price.

C. The value of a commodity or an asset to a firm or its investors is determined by its competitive market price. When the value of the benefits exceeds the value of the costs in terms of market prices, the decision will increase the market value of the firm.

Explanation:

Valuation principle is the process by which fair value of an asset is evaluated. It is determined by comparing its competitive market price against its benefits.

As the benefits of an asset exceeds its cost of purchase it increases in value.

Various methods are used to value an asset based on present value and projected value.

For example an analyst can consider the future purchasing power of a stock and use this as a basis for valuation rating

ans.

heterothermic organisms include those organisms that can switch between homeothermic (having body temperature higher than environment) and poikilothermic (having variation in internal body temperature) strategies.

some migratory birds show heterothermy as they decrease their metabolic rate during cold nights to keep their body temperature low. drop in metabolic rate allows increase in production efficiency of birds that reduces the internal body temperature to make it equal to external cold temperature during cold nights.

thus, the correct answer is 'birds allow their temperature drop in order to increase their production efficiency.'