Kohler Corporation reports the following components of stockholders' equity on December 31, 2009. Common stock—$10 par value. 100,000 shares authorized.
40,000 shares Issued and outstanding $400,000
Paid-ln capital In excess of par value, common stock . 60,000
Reamed earnings 270,000
Total stockholders 730,000

In year 2010, the following transactions affected its stockholders' equity accounts.

Jan. 1 Purchased 5,500 shares of its own stock at $15 cash per share.
Jan. 5 Directors declared a $4 per share cash dividend payable on February 28 to the February 5 stockholders of record.
Feb. 28 Paid the dividend declared on January 5.July 6 Sold 2,063 of its treasury shares at $19 cash per share.
Aug. 22 Sold 3,437 of its treasury shares at $12 cash per share.
Sept. 5 Directors declared a $4 per share cash dividend payable on October 28 to the September 25 stockholders of record.
Oct. 28 Paid the dividend declared on September 5.
Dec. 31 Closed the $408,000 credit balance (from net income) in the Income Summary account to Retained Earnings.

Required
a. Prepare journal entries to record each of these transactions for 2010.
b. Prepare a statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31, 2010.
c. Prepare the stockholders' equity section of the company's balance sheet as of December 31, 2010.

Kohler Corporation

a. Journal Entries:

Jan.1:

Debit Treasury Stock $55,000

Debit Paid-in Capital In Excess of par $27,500

Credit Cash Account $82,500

To record the purchase of 5,500 shares of treasury stock at $15 per share.

Jan. 5:

Debit Dividends $138,000

Credit Dividends Payable $138,000

To record the declaration of a $4 per share cash dividend on 34,500 shares.

Feb. 28:

Debit Dividends Payable $138,000

Credit Cash Account $138,000

To record the payment of dividend.

July 6:

Debit Cash Account $39,197

Credit Treasury Stock $20,630

Credit Paid-in Capital In Excess of par $18,567

To record the resale of 2,063 treasury shares at $19 per share.

Aug. 22:

Debit Cash Account $41,244

Credit Treasury Stock $34,370

Credit Paid-in Capital In Excess of par $6,874

To record the resale of 3,437 treasury shares at $12 per share.

Sept. 5:

Debit Dividends $160,000

Credit Dividends Payable $160,000

To record the declaration of a $4 per share cash dividend on 40,000 shares.

Oct. 28:

Debit Dividends Payable $160,000

Credit Cash Account $160,000

To record the payment of the cash dividends.

Dec. 31:

Debit Income Summary $408,000

Credit Retained Earnings $408,000

To close the net income to the Retained Earnings.

b. Statement of Retained Earnings for the year ended December 31, 2010:

December 31, 2009 balance $270,000

Net Income                               408,000

Dividends                                (298,000)

December 31, 2010 balance $380,000

c. Stockholders' Equity Section of the Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2010:

Common stock—$10 par value:

100,000 shares authorized.

40,000 shares Issued and outstanding $400,000

Paid-in capital In excess of par value,

 common stock                                            57,941

Retained earnings                                     380,000

Total stockholders                                   $837,941

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Stockholders' Equity Section of the Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2009:

Common stock—$10 par value:

100,000 shares authorized.

40,000 shares Issued and outstanding $400,000

Paid-in capital In excess of par value,

 common stock                                           60,000

Retained earnings                                     270,000

Total stockholders                                  $730,000

b) Paid-in Capital In Excess of par:

December 31, 2009 balance  $60,000

Treasury stock:

January 1                                   (27,500)

July 6                                          18,567

Aug. 22                                        6,874

December 31, 2010 balance   $57,941

c) Kohler's treasury stock account is a contrary account to the common stock account.  It is recorded using any of the two methods: cost method or the par value method.  It is assumed that Kohler Corporation uses the  par value method with the above and below par values in treasury stock transactions recorded in the Paid-in Capital In Excess of par.  This is unlike the cost method that records all the treasury transactions in the Treasury Stock account at their cost effects.

due to the changes the federal reserve is making the unused reserves will impact the economy by them facing inflation. inflation is definfed as the increase in pricing of a good or service but the decline of the value of money used for purchasing those items. when the economy has a high inflation rate, they are subject to money loss and hurt on the economy.

a.