Precision Paper Products produces both paper towels and paper napkins. The production process begins with the receipt and pulping of raw timber. Once the timber is pulped, it is screened, rolled, and dried into large rolls of paper. At this point, half the paper is cut and folded into napkins, while the other half is cut, perforated, and rolled into towels. Based on this description, which of the costs listed below would NOT be classified as a joint cost? a. The administrative costs associated with tracking and processing incoming timber shipments.
b. The materials costs for the various chemicals involved in the pulping process.
c. The direct labor costs associated with operation of the screening machine.
d. The maintenance costs associated with the napkin folding machine.

Employees at a library check out books to patrons. books have an isbn and a name. the library sometimes has multiple copies of the same book. books have one or more authors. a patron is an individual who has an active (non-expired) library card. for each library card, we store the person's first and last names and their address. for each employee, we store their employee id, current salary, first and last name and their address. we also store the employee id of their current manager. each time we check out a book to a patron we need to store the date of the transaction, the employee who checked out the book to the patron, and the library card of the patron. some employees have library cards. if an employee patron turns in a book late, the fine that they pay is a percentage of their salary. some employees are authors who have library cards—they are allowed to check out as many books as they like.

The demand curve determines equilibrium price in a market. is a graphical representation of the relationship between price and quantity demanded. depicts the relationship between production costs and output. is a graphical representation of the relationship between price and quantity supplied.

Suppose a jury of 12 people is chosen from the above pool, and this jury hears a case and discusses the verdict; x is the number who think the defendant is guilty.